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 piezo(BELl) -  a  piezo buzzer  is a type of electronic device that's used to produce a tone, alarm or sound. It's lightweight with a simple construction, and it's typically a low-cost product. photoresistor -  A photocell or  photoresistor  is a sensor that changes its resistance when light shines on it. powersupply seven segment display -  The  7 - segment display , also written as “ seven segment display ”, consists of  seven  LEDs (hence its name) arranged in a rectangular fashion as shown. Each of the  seven  LEDs is called a  segment  because when illuminated the  segment  forms part of a numerical digit (both Decimal and Hex) to be displayed. 555 timer -  The basic  555 timer  gets its  name  from the fact that there are three internally connected 5kΩ resistors which it uses to generate the two comparators reference voltages. capacitor -  A capacitor is a device tha...

>> volatile memory :- stores data till power supply is applied and looses all data when power supply is cut. >> Non-volatile memory :- stores data wheather power supply is applied or not. >> > Primary memory Preprocessor se direct connect hota hai and Secondary memory indirectly >Cache memory ko ese smj skte hain k paani pada hua hai and aapko vo pass krna hai and aap kood k pass ni kr skte to aap ek patthar rkh denge beech m  and uspe pair rkh k pass kr lenge. to cache memory bhi esai hi  kaam krta hai ye patthar cache memory hai it is fast and small in size. cache memory k ek side RAM hota hai and ek side Processor. > All about Primary Memory and Secondary Memory. RAM - Random-access memory ROM - Read-Only Memory SRAM - STATIC random-access memory DRAM - dynamic random-access memory PROM - Programmable read-only memory EPROM - erasable programmable read-only memory EEPROM - electrically erasable programmable read-only memory HDD - Hard Disk Drive F...

 PIPO Load mode mtlb load honge input and load mode hoga jb 0 hoga load/shift switch shift mode mtlbb jb load ho chuka hoga input and hume shift krke output lena hoga ye tb hoga jb shift/load mode = 1 hoga   Bidirectional shift register Universal shift registers  >>Q >>preset and clear in flip flop